Politic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Politic - Essay Example The latter represents people’s participation in the environmental changes. â€Å"A direct cause is a cause that leads directly to an observed effect. The observed effect that we are concerned with is the rise in the Earth’s temperature (David Humphreys, p.19). Scientists agree that the direct cause of this heating â€Å"is the change in the radiative forcing of the Earth’s climatic system as the result of increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases† (David Humphreys, p.19). The main underlying cause identified is the burning of fossil fuels including oils and coals: things that are very much essential to â€Å"energy generation and industrial production† (David Humphreys, p.20). The underlying cause simply refer to human activities that results to the the increased concentration of greehouse gases in the athmosphere. Surprisingly or not surprisingly, the term inquality has surfaced to be one of the underlying causes of environmental degradation. What once only a social problem now lays inside the perimeter of environmental concern. Inequalities discussed in the book covers political ineqaulities, economic inequalities and inequality of knowledge. Citing the situation in El Salvador, the book Environmental Issues and Responses specified the ways in which inequality can cause much damage to the environment. Coffee cultivation was seen as one of the primary causes of deforestation in the country. The scenario â€Å"needs to be understood in the context of a global market and its demands for cheap coffee production† (Aradau, p.45). The economic inequality between the rich and the poor in El Salvador and the developed versus the underdeveloped countries in the globalized economy can provide justification for the abuse of the environment (Aradau, p.45). Another cause of environmental degradatio n in El Salvador was the â€Å"civil war from 1980 to 1992, during which the army bombed and burnt forests and land in order to destroy the resources used by the

Computation finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Computation finance - Essay Example Creation of these dark pools has been possible because of existence of electronic trading and the fragmentation of avenues of conducting financial trading. The participants access them directly amongst themselves or through crossing networks. Dark pools are made up of three types, including where the independent entities create a distinctive and differentiated means of trading, those that are owned by brokers allowing the clients of the broker to trade amongst themselves in anonymity, and those created by the public exchanges themselves, meant to give their customers a chance to enjoy trading in anonymity and hiding of orders while trading. Hidden liquidity allows traders to ‘hide’ all or a part of their orders, which results into a market with two components – a displayed component and a non-displayed component. Hiding of orders, however, makes market participants to access incomplete knowledge regarding the market’s general depth. This paper is going to look at how these dark pools of liquidity work, why they are needed and their impact on the visible market. Most of the electronic exchanges that are order-driven use specific order types to provide liquidity such as what is referred to as ‘Iceberg Order’. An Iceberg Order is a passive order that is split into small portions, with partly or none of which is visible to the public. By concealing the actual quantity of the order, it is possible to tame price movements and reduce leakage of information, as well as any other flows that culminate from significant adjustments in the supply of stocks – this is called market impact. Splitting of orders is automated through order management systems, and it is a standard strategy used by many institutional investors.1 2 Companies are allowed to choose from three types of dark pools. The first include those owned by broker

Psychological debate on free will versus determinism

Psychological debate on free will versus determinism The free will vs. determinism debate that exists within psychology has long been a philosophical doctrine that roots back to Descartes (1596-1650), and has had an enormous impact on psychology, all the major theorists ranging from William James (1890) to B.F. Skinner (1971), have concluded empirical theories to help provide validity as to whether behaviour is determined by stimuli or external/internal events; this positivistic, mechanistic view of scientific psychology according to Taylor (1963), states that everything including thought processes and behaviour, is casually determined (Gross, 2003; 2010). The common sense view that people make their own decisions is a debate upon free will, the fact that we have a mind to be able to agree and disagree, implies we have a freedom of choice in regards to behaviour (Gross, 2003). So what exactly is free will? (Figure 1.1) Through this information, a balanced view upon the free will vs. determinism debate in regards to implications that exist within the treatment of disorders will be researched and presented. In diagnosing and treating mental disorders, both psychologists and psychiatrists often have to make judgements in regards to free will and determinism, whether that be explicitly or implicitly, this is because mental disorders can often be seen as complete or partial breakdown of the persons control over their emotions, thinking and behaviour. This is evident in patients with (OCD) or obsessive compulsive disorder, in definition this can be described as being compelled against his or her will or a behaviour which cannot be controlled (Gross, 2003). Developments in neuroscience can provide relevance to the debate in regards to clinical practises which treat mental disorders, clinical psychiatrists accept the view that free will can be impaired in many patients with mental disorders whose capacity to choose may have been compromised, in such cases the individual may then be considered not accountable for their own actions or behaviour. An acknowledgment to determinism is then made, in the way that some of the behaviour of that person is accredited to the mental disorder, advances in neuroscience have increased the understanding of brain functioning and led to the possibility that abnormal behaviour will be less recognized to the patients control of choice in relation to action, and more to brain function abnormalities. Although before the developments the view was questioned through the mind-brain dualism of the reductionists in the 19th century (Scott Henderson, 2005). Libet (1985) performed a study in relating the brain and our free will to behaviour; he showed that the preliminary brain activity which occurs through free choice is actually a couple hundred milliseconds before the choice reaches the conscious awareness. Basically stating that the brain makes decisions before the individual and that free will is an illusion. Rose et al. (1984) was a socio-biologist who believed in biological determinism, which states it is our biology that is to blame for our behaviour and mental abnormalities, not the individual; this approach seems appealing in regards to treatment of disorders as it removes the guilt and responsibility involved, however the view that our lives are constrained by a genetic predisposition, fails to recognise that as human we are constantly re-creating our own material environment and that it is our biology that makes us free (Gross, 2010). According to an article in the: Clinical Neuroscience Research Journal (2004;p,113-118), Social turmoil regarding psychosurgery and deep brain stimulation (DBS) was evident throughout the 1960-1970s, DBS being an effective form of diagnosis and treatment for mental disorders, even in our modern day which can be used to treat disorders such as severe OCD and Parkinsonà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s disease, however the turmoil regarding the whole treatment was because it was seen as means of controlling or changing behaviour and effecting emotional disturbance against free will, it was also thought that the treatment was used to control social behaviour of violent urban areas in the USA, resulting in mind control and racial repression. However these arguments are now just a by-product of the dualism era, and having a deeper knowledge into neuroscience and mental disorders, has allowed further research into the social stability of DBS, resulting in less speculation on it being a co mpletely controlled deterministic approach to treatments of disorders (Fins, 2004). In regards to treatment of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, according to the; Handbook of treatment for eating disorders (1997) by David M. Garner et al. the philosophical balance is addressed in regards as to whether patients with severe eating disorders should be hospitalised, on one side of the argument patients can be free to preserve their eating disorder even if it involves suboptimal functioning, and on the other it can be argued that the disorder could be so serious that it impairs judgement and restricts the patientà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s ability to exercise free choice especially in regards to the appraisal of the medical risks, as it appears both points seem variably valid and yet no possible solution can be found to solve the present dilemma. In relation to treatment refusal and free will, patients may make poor treatment decisions because of their illness symptoms, and that they would likely make a different choice if symptom free, because of this an important legal rights concept regarding the free will of treatment refusal is based upon determination of competency (Figure 1.2), or the right to refuse treatment with consent. Competence is decision specific, so patients may be competent enough to make a treatment decision at one time and not the other, also a decision made about a precise consequence of treatment might be easy to consent too in relation to a decision made about a more complex consequence of treatment which could result in a set of different outcomes (Masten, A.S., Curtis, W.J., 2000). If an individual is overruled as being incompetent i.e. unable to appreciate and understand information given about treatment, then it is possible to force treatment upon a patient against his/her free will, however according to the self-determinism theory, forcing treatment upon patients makes them less likely to experience treatment success if externally exposed (Mary, 2008). In conclusion a balanced view upon the free wills vs. determinism debate in regards to treatments of disorders seems controversially one sided, a lot of the literature and research into the subject identify the reductionist determinism approach as acceptable in many forms of clinical psychiatry, whether this is in regards to forced treatment or altering the emotional state through deep brain stimulation. However the balance is much more positive in our modern day times then it were 60-70 years ago. This is mainly thanks to advances in neuroscience and our understanding we have gained about the brain through the mental health institutes, the ongoing debate has a number of misconceptions which require a precise understanding of the key concepts, but overall indicate that free will and determinism are both correct.

Styal Mill Coursework Notes

Coursework factors Finally he decided on Styal, a small hamlet north of Wilmslow. Styal is located close to Manchester, the Bridge water canal is only 8 miles away and the land was big enough. One of the important reasons Greg chose the site is because of the transport links. The bridge water canal would provide easy shipping of cotton near to the mill, then the last few miles would have to be done by horse and cart. Manchester is close to Styal, this is good because Manchester was one of the biggest industrial cities and this would provide Greg with workers and raw materials.Liverpool is relatively close to Styal. Geographical factors also played a part in the choosing of the Styal location because on that land the river Bolin flowed through. Greg used the river Bolin as a power source for his mill and the machinery. Arkwrites water frame was invented to use the water to drive the wheel and drive lots of cogs and shafts that made the machinery run. Another factor is the land was che ap. This is because the land was infertile and wasn't very good for farming crops, so Greg got a good deal – cheap land with an added bonus, the river Bolin.Also the land was a good environment for cotton making because it had a damp atmosphere; this helps the cotton to not break as its being spun. Another factor was workers. Styal was close to many towns and cities. The main one was Manchester. Greg could employ workers from workhouses in Manchester to come and work in his mill. This was easy because Manchester was very close. Greg could also employ people from Liverpool for the same reasons. Also Greg employed a few people from as far as London also. Another factor was money. Greg came into a lot of money, ? 800. Samuel Greg chose the site for Quarry Bank Mill because: – It was near a river.The machines were powered by water and Samuel Greg needed a lot of water. Water – power is a cheap, reliable, fast flowing and easy source of getting power. Water was also needed to give to the workers to drink and put into the food. -There was a lot of land in the countryside. The more land Samuel Greg had, the bigger his factory could be and the more machines he could have. Samuel Greg got investors to pay towards him buying the land, as well as the huge amount of money he already had. The land he did choose was cheap anyway so not many investors were needed. -With the land being in the countryside, there was a lot of soil to grow crops in.The crops that were grown were given to the workers to eat at meal times. -Quarry Bank Mill was quite close to the main destinations Liverpool and Manchester. This was probably so that goods could travel to both of the destinations at the same amount of time. Lots of the cotton that Quarry Bank Mill produced was taken to the main destinations as cotton was popular there and could easily be sold for the price Samuel Greg wanted. Liverpool gave Quarry bank Mill the materials it needed to make cotton and Manchester s old the cotton. Transport like canals ; factor

The Music Culture in Puerto Rico - 690 Words

The Music Culture in Puerto Rico during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries is poorly documented. It most likely included Spanish church music, military band music, and diverse genres cultivated by the jà ­baros, who are peasants, mostly of Taino descent, and enslaved Africans and their descendants. While they only make up 11% of the population in the country, they contributed some of the islands most dynamic musical features becoming distinct indeed. In the 19th century, Puerto Rican music begins to emerge into historical daylight, with genres such as danza being naturally better documented than folk genres like jà ­baro music and bomba y plena. The African people of the island used drums made of carved harwood covered with an untreated†¦show more content†¦Contemporary genres of music can also be found in Puerto Rico, such as pop and reggaeton. Puerto Rico is perhaps the single biggest center for production of reggaeton. The music of Puerto Rico has evolved as a heterogeneous and dynamic product of diverse cultural resources. The most conspicuous musical sources have been Spain and West Africa, although many aspects of Puerto Rican music reflect origins elsewhere in Europe and the Caribbean and, in the last century, the USA. Puerto Rican music culture today comprises a wide and rich variety of genres, ranging from essentially indigenous genres like bomba to recent hybrids likeShow MoreRelated The United States Effect on Puerto Rican Music Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Effect on Puerto Rican Music The United States played an important role in the evolution of Puerto Rican culture, more specifically music. While Puerto Rican culture remains distinct from that of American culture, its historical progression is forever tied with that of the United States. This is evident in the evolution of Puerto Rican music. It is also evident in the experience of Puerto Rican musicians both on theRead More Puerto Rican Music as Representation of Their History and Culture1423 Words   |  6 PagesPuerto Rican Music as Representation of Their History and Culture Puerto Rican music is an evolving art form that expresses Puerto Rican culture and identity. The development of Puerto Rican music is also a reflection of their history, both being complicated by several layers. Social, political, and economic conditions are all related to the musical expressions of Puerto Ricans (Glasser, 8). Puerto Rican migration to the United States and the culture clash experienced by migrants is anotherRead MoreImagine Laying On The Warm Beaches In Puerto Rico. With879 Words   |  4 PagesImagine laying on the warm beaches in Puerto Rico. With every step the sand gushes through each toe while the wind blows softly. Try to visualize the sunrise rising above the trees every morning while drinking their finest native coffee. 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Prison Architecture Discuss The Evolution Of Corrections

Prison Architecture: Discuss the Evolution of Prison Architecture and how it has evolved throughout the history of corrections. Be sure to include information about security methods and techniques. Also discuss how different structures may be therapeutic. From underground cells to electronic monitoring systems, these are the ways prisons evolved over the centuries to keep society, correctional officers, in prisoners safe. One of the first notable prisons, the Mamertine Prison, was located in Rome and build around 640 B.C. by Ancus Marcius. The Roman Catholic Church contributed immensely to the evolution roman prisons between 4th century to the Renaissance. Prisoners were housed in large rooms above the sewers while they await their punishment. These rooms were crude sordid dungeons contaminated with human waste from those sewers. The prisoners were punished by means of corporal and capital punishments either by death, branding, or become banished to another country. A garrote, or metal collar, was fixed to a column within the dungeon and used to detain and torture the prisoner by tightening, resulting in strangulation. Those who violated Cannon Law were housed in Monasteries and Abbie’s, but for those who committed the worst of crime were confined in underground rooms permanently. These permanent rooms were meant to rehabilitate the prisoner through isolation and prayer. This was the beginni ng transition from physical punishment to prison design, or solitary confinement.Show MoreRelatedThe And Incarceration Of The American Prison System3791 Words   |  16 Pages The American prison finds its origin in Europe. Like most things American we have adopted and adapted many of our beliefs and customs from our mother land. The punishment of confinement was rare and unheard of in America before Eighteenth century. The English concept of prison and incarceration did not even take root until the late Eighteenth Century (Hirsch, 1992). Now, American’s cannot claim that they invented prisons or the concept of confining criminal offenders within facilities that keepRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesforms for a new millennium? Postmodernism as a philosophy: the ultimate challenge to organization theory? Reflective organization theory: symbols, meanings and interpretations Reflexive organization theory: critical theory and psychoanalysis The evolution of management as reflected through the lens of modernist organization theory Perspectives and challenges 2 54 100 148 198 242 282 330 382 432 . . Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesDifferences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 90 An Exercise for Identifying Aspects of PersonalRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 Pagesthat the total study commitment time for this subject will be approximately 120 hours. This includes: reading subject notes and any required readings (e.g. articles and textbook chapters) completing learning activities in the subject notes (e.g. ‘Discuss this’, ‘Apply your knowledge’ and ‘Review your progress’) listening to any pre-recorded lectures/presentations undertaking relevant research activities preparing for and undertaking assessment activities. Note: Students should review due dates forRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages777: From Design and Development to Production and Sales 81 AMP of Canada (A) 105 AMP of Canada (B) (see handout provided by instructor) AMP of Canada (C) (see handout provided by instructor) Lipton Canada 118 Riverview Children s Hospital 124 The Evolution of Project Management at Quixtar 145 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CULTURES 151 Como Tool and Die (A) 153 Como Tool and Die (B) 157 Apache Metals, Inc. 160 Haller Specialty Manufacturing 162 The NF3 Project: Managing Cultural Differences 163 AnRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages4 Market and environmental analysis 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Learning objectives Introduction: the changing business environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with the industry and market breakpoints Coming to terms with the very different future: the implications for marketing planning Approaches to

A Whisper Of Aids By Mary Fisher Essay - 1182 Words

Mary Fisher, the HIV-positive daughter of the well off and effective Republican reserve raiser Max Fisher, remained before the group to tell the gathering of people: In the event that you trust you are sheltered, you are in risk (McGee). She communicated this message in the scandalous discourse astutely titled, A Whisper of AIDS, that she persuasively conveyed amid the 1992 Republican National Tradition Address on August nineteenth in Houston, TX. Fisher talked in a way that built up her nearness and told the regard and full focus of her crowd. In this talk, Fisher utilized the expository requests of ethos, logos, and tenderness to shape her morally solid and extremely compelling reaction to the logical circumstance. Simply being her identity gave Fisher a tremendous measure of believability, setting up ethos from the minute she started talking. She spoke to the demographic that individuals thought to be pardoned from AIDS, above succumbing to its staggering impacts. This is not amazing in the present day, for as per Dr. Julie Gerberding, executive of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,...the face of AIDS has changed from being fundamentally an infection of caucasian men, to an illness of individuals of all hues and both sexes (Oprah). However, at the time, in 1992, Fisher stunned individuals as a well off, upper-working class white mother from a legitimate family that was HIV-positive. She utilized herself to embody to individuals that regardless ofShow MoreRelatedA Whisper Of Aids, By Mary Fisher1774 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction Mary Fisher, an American political activist, author, and artist, has survived a fatal disease, and who lives to support those who suffer the mutual virus known as H.I.V. or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. She spreads awareness of the outbreak through the use of speeches, campaigns, and volunteer opportunities. Her most famous speech, which defined her as a political icon, was titled â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS†. The speech was delivered at the Republican National Convention, on August 19, 1992Read MoreA Whisper Of Aids, By Mary Fisher1866 Words   |  8 PagesLET MY STORY GROW LOUDER UNTIL AIDS ARE NO MORE: The relevance of A Whisper of AIDS to all generations Mary Fisher tested positive for HIV in 1991. The daughter of Max Fisher, a powerful and wealthy republican, she wasn t what most people pictured when they thought about HIV/AIDS. As such, when Fisher took the stage in 1992 and spoke out against the treatment of her disease at the Republican National Convention. She accepted the task of introducing HIV/AIDS to an audience who had previously beenRead MoreA Whisper Of Aids, By Mary Fisher1369 Words   |  6 PagesLET MY STORY GROW LOUDER UNTIL AIDS ARE NO MORE: In this paper, I will dispute that in Mary Fisher s A Whisper of AIDS speech, the use of pathos and ethos assists in her demand to end the ignorance, prejudice and silence surrounding HIV/AIDS. I will discuss how she replaces the face of AIDS with her own, allowing the conservative crowd to connect with HIV/AIDS. Fisher approaches the speech as an epidemic speech; heavily relying on ethos and pathos she created compassion and connection to anRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Fisher A Whisper Of Aids1190 Words   |  5 PagesCarriers of the viruses of HIV and AIDS have been silenced for far too long. It is time to speak out. In Mary Fisher’s speech â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† she helps her audience to understand that the topic of HIV and AIDS should no longer be silenced. Fisher stood before an audience of her peers and used many forms of persuasion available to her in order to evoke a positive significant response from her audience. Mary Fisher was born in Louisville, Kentucky on April 6, 1948. She spent her early years inRead MoreAnalysis Of A Whisper Of Aids By Mary Fisher1083 Words   |  5 Pagesvirus. Mary Fisher was one of a few individuals that accepted the cruelty of the virus, only by accepting what HIV is, she was then able to challenge the virus. In order to awaken the society about the reality of AIDS, Mary Fisher’s speech, â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† would send a message of challenge towards the virus and a sense of unity for humans. By balancing three different persuasive appeals: ethos, logos and pathos, Fisher would be able to connect to a variety of audience. The message that Fisher wantedRead MoreMary Fisher- a Whisper of Aids Essay1775 Words   |  8 PagesSyndrome (AIDS) epidemic in America was a huge crisis during the 1900s. Not knowing the true nature of AIDS, the society and policy makers simply alienated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive population. The stigma of AI DS exacerbated existing problems of prejudice and social inequity. However, Mary Fisher’s inspiring speech cleverly titled, â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS,† effectively promoted awareness of HIV and AIDS throughout the United States, and brought a change to a public policy on AIDS relatedRead MoreSummary Of A Whisper Of Aids By Mary Fisher1077 Words   |  5 Pagesoutcast yourself if you had AIDS/HIV? In â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† by Activist Mary Fisher, she speaks out against people who discriminate against others diagnosed with AIDS. She presents this speech to educate others about how to prevent AIDS. In 1992, AIDS was a worldwide epidemic that affect millions of people. Over 202,520 people were affected between 1988-1992. Most people believed AIDS/HIV was a disease for prostitutes and intravenous drug abusers due to misconceptions. Mary uses repetition, dictionRead MoreAnalysis Of A Whisper Of Aids By Mary Fisher1099 Words   |  5 Pagesno one was safe from the H IV virus. Mary Fisher was one of few individuals that accepted the cruelty of the virus, but only by accepting what HIV is, she was able to challenge the virus. In order to awaken the society about the reality of AIDS, Mary Fisher’s speech, â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† would send a message of challenge towards the virus and unite the humans to fight against AIDS. By balancing three different persuasive appeals; ethos, logos, and pathos, Fisher would be able to connect with her audienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Fisher Speech Whisper Of Aids 1018 Words   |  5 Pagestoday I would like to write on Mary Fisher speech titled â€Å"Whisper of AIDS†. First I would like to give brief background information on Mary Fisher. Known as an artist, author, advocate, and founder of family AIDS network. As an AIDS patient herself while working for the Republican Party, she delivered her speech in 1992 in front of the whole nation. During that same year, she funded the family AI DS network. Throughout the years, she was committed to work with AIDS patience in Africa and continuedRead MoreMary Fisher s Speech : A Whisper Of Aids886 Words   |  4 PagesMary Fisher’s speech entitled â€Å"A Whisper of Aids,† is an appeal to the emotional and political moods of the Republican National Conference on August 19, 1992. In this speech she talks about her disease, but unlike most people, who become depressed when they learn about contracting the disease, Mary Fisher stands up and fights for everyone who has AIDS as well as bringing the statics of HIV and AIDS to light. Mary Fisher’s speech can be analyzed from three different standpoints: structure, delivery