Prison Architecture Discuss The Evolution Of Corrections

Prison Architecture: Discuss the Evolution of Prison Architecture and how it has evolved throughout the history of corrections. Be sure to include information about security methods and techniques. Also discuss how different structures may be therapeutic. From underground cells to electronic monitoring systems, these are the ways prisons evolved over the centuries to keep society, correctional officers, in prisoners safe. One of the first notable prisons, the Mamertine Prison, was located in Rome and build around 640 B.C. by Ancus Marcius. The Roman Catholic Church contributed immensely to the evolution roman prisons between 4th century to the Renaissance. Prisoners were housed in large rooms above the sewers while they await their punishment. These rooms were crude sordid dungeons contaminated with human waste from those sewers. The prisoners were punished by means of corporal and capital punishments either by death, branding, or become banished to another country. A garrote, or metal collar, was fixed to a column within the dungeon and used to detain and torture the prisoner by tightening, resulting in strangulation. Those who violated Cannon Law were housed in Monasteries and Abbie’s, but for those who committed the worst of crime were confined in underground rooms permanently. These permanent rooms were meant to rehabilitate the prisoner through isolation and prayer. This was the beginni ng transition from physical punishment to prison design, or solitary confinement.Show MoreRelatedThe And Incarceration Of The American Prison System3791 Words   |  16 Pages The American prison finds its origin in Europe. Like most things American we have adopted and adapted many of our beliefs and customs from our mother land. The punishment of confinement was rare and unheard of in America before Eighteenth century. The English concept of prison and incarceration did not even take root until the late Eighteenth Century (Hirsch, 1992). Now, American’s cannot claim that they invented prisons or the concept of confining criminal offenders within facilities that keepRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesforms for a new millennium? Postmodernism as a philosophy: the ultimate challenge to organization theory? Reflective organization theory: symbols, meanings and interpretations Reflexive organization theory: critical theory and psychoanalysis The evolution of management as reflected through the lens of modernist organization theory Perspectives and challenges 2 54 100 148 198 242 282 330 382 432 . . Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesDifferences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 90 An Exercise for Identifying Aspects of PersonalRead MoreSales and Marketing for Financial Institutions80443 Words   |  322 Pagesthat the total study commitment time for this subject will be approximately 120 hours. This includes: reading subject notes and any required readings (e.g. articles and textbook chapters) completing learning activities in the subject notes (e.g. ‘Discuss this’, ‘Apply your knowledge’ and ‘Review your progress’) listening to any pre-recorded lectures/presentations undertaking relevant research activities preparing for and undertaking assessment activities. Note: Students should review due dates forRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pages777: From Design and Development to Production and Sales 81 AMP of Canada (A) 105 AMP of Canada (B) (see handout provided by instructor) AMP of Canada (C) (see handout provided by instructor) Lipton Canada 118 Riverview Children s Hospital 124 The Evolution of Project Management at Quixtar 145 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CULTURES 151 Como Tool and Die (A) 153 Como Tool and Die (B) 157 Apache Metals, Inc. 160 Haller Specialty Manufacturing 162 The NF3 Project: Managing Cultural Differences 163 AnRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages4 Market and environmental analysis 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Learning objectives Introduction: the changing business environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with the industry and market breakpoints Coming to terms with the very different future: the implications for marketing planning Approaches to

A Whisper Of Aids By Mary Fisher Essay - 1182 Words

Mary Fisher, the HIV-positive daughter of the well off and effective Republican reserve raiser Max Fisher, remained before the group to tell the gathering of people: In the event that you trust you are sheltered, you are in risk (McGee). She communicated this message in the scandalous discourse astutely titled, A Whisper of AIDS, that she persuasively conveyed amid the 1992 Republican National Tradition Address on August nineteenth in Houston, TX. Fisher talked in a way that built up her nearness and told the regard and full focus of her crowd. In this talk, Fisher utilized the expository requests of ethos, logos, and tenderness to shape her morally solid and extremely compelling reaction to the logical circumstance. Simply being her identity gave Fisher a tremendous measure of believability, setting up ethos from the minute she started talking. She spoke to the demographic that individuals thought to be pardoned from AIDS, above succumbing to its staggering impacts. This is not amazing in the present day, for as per Dr. Julie Gerberding, executive of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,...the face of AIDS has changed from being fundamentally an infection of caucasian men, to an illness of individuals of all hues and both sexes (Oprah). However, at the time, in 1992, Fisher stunned individuals as a well off, upper-working class white mother from a legitimate family that was HIV-positive. She utilized herself to embody to individuals that regardless ofShow MoreRelatedA Whisper Of Aids, By Mary Fisher1774 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction Mary Fisher, an American political activist, author, and artist, has survived a fatal disease, and who lives to support those who suffer the mutual virus known as H.I.V. or Human Immunodeficiency Virus. She spreads awareness of the outbreak through the use of speeches, campaigns, and volunteer opportunities. Her most famous speech, which defined her as a political icon, was titled â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS†. The speech was delivered at the Republican National Convention, on August 19, 1992Read MoreA Whisper Of Aids, By Mary Fisher1866 Words   |  8 PagesLET MY STORY GROW LOUDER UNTIL AIDS ARE NO MORE: The relevance of A Whisper of AIDS to all generations Mary Fisher tested positive for HIV in 1991. The daughter of Max Fisher, a powerful and wealthy republican, she wasn t what most people pictured when they thought about HIV/AIDS. As such, when Fisher took the stage in 1992 and spoke out against the treatment of her disease at the Republican National Convention. She accepted the task of introducing HIV/AIDS to an audience who had previously beenRead MoreA Whisper Of Aids, By Mary Fisher1369 Words   |  6 PagesLET MY STORY GROW LOUDER UNTIL AIDS ARE NO MORE: In this paper, I will dispute that in Mary Fisher s A Whisper of AIDS speech, the use of pathos and ethos assists in her demand to end the ignorance, prejudice and silence surrounding HIV/AIDS. I will discuss how she replaces the face of AIDS with her own, allowing the conservative crowd to connect with HIV/AIDS. Fisher approaches the speech as an epidemic speech; heavily relying on ethos and pathos she created compassion and connection to anRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Fisher A Whisper Of Aids1190 Words   |  5 PagesCarriers of the viruses of HIV and AIDS have been silenced for far too long. It is time to speak out. In Mary Fisher’s speech â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† she helps her audience to understand that the topic of HIV and AIDS should no longer be silenced. Fisher stood before an audience of her peers and used many forms of persuasion available to her in order to evoke a positive significant response from her audience. Mary Fisher was born in Louisville, Kentucky on April 6, 1948. She spent her early years inRead MoreAnalysis Of A Whisper Of Aids By Mary Fisher1083 Words   |  5 Pagesvirus. Mary Fisher was one of a few individuals that accepted the cruelty of the virus, only by accepting what HIV is, she was then able to challenge the virus. In order to awaken the society about the reality of AIDS, Mary Fisher’s speech, â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† would send a message of challenge towards the virus and a sense of unity for humans. By balancing three different persuasive appeals: ethos, logos and pathos, Fisher would be able to connect to a variety of audience. The message that Fisher wantedRead MoreMary Fisher- a Whisper of Aids Essay1775 Words   |  8 PagesSyndrome (AIDS) epidemic in America was a huge crisis during the 1900s. Not knowing the true nature of AIDS, the society and policy makers simply alienated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive population. The stigma of AI DS exacerbated existing problems of prejudice and social inequity. However, Mary Fisher’s inspiring speech cleverly titled, â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS,† effectively promoted awareness of HIV and AIDS throughout the United States, and brought a change to a public policy on AIDS relatedRead MoreSummary Of A Whisper Of Aids By Mary Fisher1077 Words   |  5 Pagesoutcast yourself if you had AIDS/HIV? In â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† by Activist Mary Fisher, she speaks out against people who discriminate against others diagnosed with AIDS. She presents this speech to educate others about how to prevent AIDS. In 1992, AIDS was a worldwide epidemic that affect millions of people. Over 202,520 people were affected between 1988-1992. Most people believed AIDS/HIV was a disease for prostitutes and intravenous drug abusers due to misconceptions. Mary uses repetition, dictionRead MoreAnalysis Of A Whisper Of Aids By Mary Fisher1099 Words   |  5 Pagesno one was safe from the H IV virus. Mary Fisher was one of few individuals that accepted the cruelty of the virus, but only by accepting what HIV is, she was able to challenge the virus. In order to awaken the society about the reality of AIDS, Mary Fisher’s speech, â€Å"A Whisper of AIDS† would send a message of challenge towards the virus and unite the humans to fight against AIDS. By balancing three different persuasive appeals; ethos, logos, and pathos, Fisher would be able to connect with her audienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Fisher Speech Whisper Of Aids 1018 Words   |  5 Pagestoday I would like to write on Mary Fisher speech titled â€Å"Whisper of AIDS†. First I would like to give brief background information on Mary Fisher. Known as an artist, author, advocate, and founder of family AIDS network. As an AIDS patient herself while working for the Republican Party, she delivered her speech in 1992 in front of the whole nation. During that same year, she funded the family AI DS network. Throughout the years, she was committed to work with AIDS patience in Africa and continuedRead MoreMary Fisher s Speech : A Whisper Of Aids886 Words   |  4 PagesMary Fisher’s speech entitled â€Å"A Whisper of Aids,† is an appeal to the emotional and political moods of the Republican National Conference on August 19, 1992. In this speech she talks about her disease, but unlike most people, who become depressed when they learn about contracting the disease, Mary Fisher stands up and fights for everyone who has AIDS as well as bringing the statics of HIV and AIDS to light. Mary Fisher’s speech can be analyzed from three different standpoints: structure, delivery

Value Chain Analysis-Army Recruiting Company Free Essays

Value Chain Analysis: Army Recruiting Company Foundation for Business intelligence Before he passed away in 1999, satirical novelist, Joseph Heller, wrote in his book Catch-22, â€Å"I had examined myself pretty thoroughly and discovered that I was unfit for military service† (Heller, 282). While in this instance, the individual was missing a leg and therefore not eligible for service, this quote has been used at times by those that have a fear or misunderstanding of the United States Armed Forces. Despite this, there is a requirement to maintain the volume of Soldiers within the United States Army and that recruiting companies develop a desire to join within the communities where they are located. We will write a custom essay sample on Value Chain Analysis-Army Recruiting Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Understanding the Companies valued processes allows for analysis of what operations are already being performed well and what areas can be improved to increase desire to join. As an Army Recruiting Commander it is my job to ensure that the Company I lead is producing the best product for our customers. It is described as customers because there are two entities that this company serves. The more obvious of the two is the United States Government. We receive a mission for the year, as to the Government’s goals for the quantity and quality of new enlistments to the United States Army. While it is important to this customer to receive a certain number of these enlistments at various phase lines through the year, the type of enlistment is just as vital to customer satisfaction. For best results, the enlistee should not only show educational aptitude, but also be a malleable or trainable product before they arrive to Basic Training. This customer’s requirements for success require that the company provides them an on time, quality product, in determined quantities. The other customer that this Company serves is in fact those very people that are enlisting to serve Customer Number One. Less than one half of one percent of the American population has chosen to serve in the Army during the past decade (Miles, 3). Though this number is likely to remain low, growing pressure from competing Department of Defense Agencies such as the U. S. Navy or National Guard, requires us to illustrate to the customer exactly why they should choose us as a provider. Where Customer Number One requires a high tempo turn over for their product, it is more important to this customer that service meets their specific timeline. Some customers need to begin their Army Career as soon as possible due to financial or familial responsibilities. Others have requirements to complete, such as graduating from high school or college, therefore requiring a suspended leave date. In addition to a customized timeline, it is important to understand the specific reasons why they would choose to enlist in the first place. Understanding this allows the Company to tailor the right package of benefits and job selection that meets the customers desires and replaces the need to seek opportunities with other Department of Defense Agencies. In order to meet the requirements of the Companies two customers, there are certain activities that must be accomplished. Though there are other processes that support the Company’s operations, the critical activities for mission success are marketing and research, prospecting, input management, and output management. These activities are necessary to complete services for both sets of customers and are continuously being completed. It is generally likely that many of these activities are being conducted simultaneously in order to reach final goal of a quality Soldier prepared to ship to Basic Training with a customized package of job and benefits. It is said that the first rule of sales is that people must like and trust you (Klivans, 1). Though we typically try to distance Military Recruiting from sales, this principal still applies. For many people there is a negative connotation when considering the Armed Forces as a career choice for themselves or those that they influence. Generally, this is due to lack of knowledge of what the Army or other Department of Defense Agencies is like aside from aggrandized portrayals of violence from movies, television, and news. In order to combat this ignorance, the Company has become very successful at utilizing marketing within the local area. We effectively utilize advertising and public affair in order to engage the population and inform them about the military, its benefits, and the opportunities that are available. More than 43 percent of the recruiters for the entirety of Department of Defense within the area belong to my Company. Due to this, we are able to conduct branding operations across a larger swath of area than the other services. Participation in schools and providing branded materials for on the spot dialogue or future appointments at a recruiting center allows the company to diverge potential applicants away from other services increasing company production. Finally, utilization of friendly influencers such as, coaches, guidance councilors, and church leaders adds to our value as they provide the message about the Army’s worth without the supposed bias. These marketing and branding activities lay the framework for mission success and market domination, but prospecting is where the literal rubber meets the road. As with the marketing, the number of recruiters in the area allows for a larger area to be covered and more school visits per day, but its knowing where and how to target potential applicants that allow for greater success. Company recruiters conduct no less than four school engagements and multiple days either calling or visiting qualified leads identified from responses to our area marketing. Each phase line, which is generally about a month, we utilize historical data to identify key â€Å"must win† zip codes. By looking back at the last two years of recruiting data, we identify these key areas where enlistments are more likely to come from as well as what time of the year is generally the best to prospect in these areas. The analysis of historical data also helps with understanding the approach that should be utilized when discussing a potential enlistment. We utilize this to understand when to offer the action and adventure of the Combat Services or money for college and medical degree programs. This alone plays a significant part in our success and claiming more than 40 percent of the total market share of all enlistments in our key areas. At this point we should have satisfied all of the requirements for customer number two. They are given the red-carpet treatment and provided with the specialized bonuses, job placement, and Basic training dates that meets their aptitude and preferences. They then become the input for fulfilling the obligation to Customer Number One. Though each enlistee has the customized packet and has general satisfaction from the process, it is still possible to have an enlistee change their mind about shipping and is taken as a loss. The acceptable standard for loss rate from the United States Army Recruiting Command is ten percent with no losses inside of 35 days (USAREC, 7). Losses that occur are generally due to pregnancy, police record, drug use, or loss of influencer support. To combat losses, Future Soldier Leaders are assigned and conduct weekly training with the enlistees. During the training these leaders provide enlistees with information and training necessary to become successful at Basic Training and in their military careers. At the end of each training the enlistees are given a safety brief to remind them of potential risks to shipping and what mistakes will cost them. This action has reduced the loss rate of the Company to approximately eight percent with significant reductions in pregnancy, drug use, and police record losses. However, loss of influencer support continues to be the primary reason for loss and generally result in a loss being taken well inside of the thirty day window. Losses taken before ship date due hurt the overall effectiveness rating of the Company. What also becomes a challenge is getting the enlistee to ship on time to basic training. The most important part of getting an applicant out the door is time flow management. There is an expectation that the Company can enlist a Soldier, prepare him or her for basic training, and get them out to their unit in a few weeks. Currently, the average â€Å"flash to bang,† amount of time between initial contacts during prospecting to shipping to Basic Training, is just under 50 days. Though this is above the standard timeline for stated Command policies, this timeline is faster than all other recruiting Companies in this area. Issues that extend the flash to bang timeline typically are contract renegotiations for individuals that are unsatisfied in their specialized package. Also, individuals that fail to complete school requirements at the expected graduation time require an extension to their original ship date. In order to increase the success of the Company it is important to understand not only the areas where success is being achieved but what items can be adjusted to maximize efforts as well. For instance, though having a higher recruiter share allows for us to cover a larger area during the marketing and prospecting phases, the Marine Corps and Air Force manage to recruit a significant number of high aptitude Seniors even in our â€Å"must win† zip codes. Both services supply one specialized message and target specifically those individuals looking for careers in technology and engineering. Providing more focus on Army careers in STEM, (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) is needed to lessen efforts by other services. Also, adjustments need to be made during the input management phase in order to diminish losses inside of 30 days to include more involvement with enlistee influencers to ensure no loss of support. Finally, contract renegotiations should be kept to a minimum. Ensuring that a thorough understanding of our customers motivators and fully address in initial package and limiting renegotiations that would extend Flash to Bang timeline are needed steps. Engendering support to join the United States Army will continue to be a daunting task. In order to make certain continued satisfaction from the two customer groups requires understanding of working processes and potential areas to improve. Through utilization of higher recruiter numbers to cover larger area, developing good marketing and prospecting processes, ensuring proper training and management through Basic Training ship date and applying fixes to deficient areas, the Army Recruiting Company can continue to meet the demands from our customers. Works Cited Heller, Joseph. Catch-22. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961. Print Kilvans, David. â€Å"The First Rule of Sales. † Ezine Articles. N. P. , 03 October 2007. Web. 02 March 2013. . Miles, Donna. â€Å"Survey Shows Growing Gap Between Civilians, Military. † American Forces Press Service. Department of Defense, 28 November 2011. Web. 02 March 2013. . USAREC Regulation 601-95. (2002). Delayed Entry and Delayed Training Program. Washington DC. Department of the Army. 12 August 2002. PDF File. How to cite Value Chain Analysis-Army Recruiting Company, Essay examples

Visit to Women Shelter free essay sample

As a part of community service program organized by my high school, I together with my other three friends had the opportunity to visit a women’s shelter home. Our task was to make the women in the shelter home aware primary health care. The program required us to teach the women about basic health and hygiene related topics like cleanliness, food and nutrition, and safe motherhood. We visited the women’s shelter home called â€Å"SAATHI† (meaning â€Å"friend†). Though I had been to orphanages before with my family and friends, it was my first visit to the women’s shelter home, so I did not have any idea about the likely situation there. We were quite eager to visit the home, so we set the date and time of the visit between us. The day finally arrived. We reached the place where the shelter home was located. As I along with three other friends first entered the shelter home in a chilly morning, I saw a group of about eight women busy making some beads and at the same time basking in the sun. Most of the women were in their early 20s and few were in their early 30s. Some children were playing with a brown dog. As soon as the women noticed us, they all glimpsed at us, but did not show any welcoming expression. I had the impression that they were surprised and did not like the visit of strangers. They looked diffident. The supervisor of the home, who was with us during our visit, told us that there were about four more women inside and she would ask them to come outside their rooms so that we could see the remaining women. She did not come back for about 15 minutes. Then she appeared with a frown on her face. â€Å"They are very shy of visitors. So, they are hesitant to come outside† she said to us. Since we lacked the skill and experience to evoke their response, we felt awkward for sometime. Hoping that the women would feel comfortable to talk to us, we diverted our attention to the children and talked to them. We talked about their books and their homework, and played with them. After an hour of stalemate, some women gradually came forward and expressed their desire to talk to us. In the beginning we asked them their names and which parts of the country they came from. We also helped them finish the beads they were making. As the day went on the women started getting friendlier with us. They were frank and open with us and were now eagerly speaking. But all I did not know was that the stories that they were about to tell me would then change my life forever. As I was talking with Dolma, a cheerful woman with a short and thin body,I was curious to know why she was there in a shelter home. Though I had learnt from books and media that every woman in the home had her specific reasons for being there, I wanted to know exactly what specific problem Dolma had. As she laid there breastfeeding her toddler, I asked her about her husband. He left us. † She said. â€Å"As soon as our son was born, he left home and did not return. † â€Å"Then, what happened? † â€Å"Well, after a few months, he suddenly came back. † With curious eyes, I looked at her, expecting a positive response. But to my dismay, I was wrong. â€Å"He did not come back alone. He brought a new wife. † I was sho cked and I did not know what to say, so I remained completely silent. Then, she went on to complete her story. â€Å"Then, he told me to leave the house along with my son. Not having any other alternatives, I moved out and went back to my brother’s house. For a few months, I stayed there but I did not want to burden his family. It was hard for him as he was the sole breadwinner of the house with a meagre income. So, I decided to move to Kathmandu, hoping to find a small job to support myself and my son. But since I lacked any education or any income generating skills, I ended up here. It’s already been a year now. † I was dumbfounded. I had often read such stories in books and newspapers but here I was, hearing it from a person who had herself endured such a situation. Hearing Dolma talk to me, some women nearby approached us. Slowly, they were coming forward to share their stories. Some wiped their tears as they told their stories. â€Å"I was kicked out of the family because I could not bear a son. † â€Å"My husband died when I was 18. When we were married I was 15. My in-laws blamed me for my husband’s death. They accused me of being a bad omen to the family. They would not let me eat any food and make me sleep in the cow shed. † â€Å"My husband and his family constantly harassed me for bringing less dowry (a custom in South Asia where during a marriage, a bride’s family has to gift the groom’s family with money and properties). So I ran away to escape the torture. † As sorrowful as their stories were, so impressive were their courage and determination to make the most of their lives even after such adversities. â€Å"I want to learn some tailoring skills and one day open up my own tailoring shop. Then I can send my son to a good private school. † said Dolma. Like her, many of the women there have been striving to learn various income generating skills so that they could live independent and dignified lives. Many others wanted to go to school to complete their education in order to lead meaningful lives for themselves and their children. That day has truly changed my life for the better. I have learned to be a more stronger and confident person. I try and overcome my problems with a stong determination and thank god for the wonderful oppurtunities he has given me. I was so glad to see women with so much obstacles in life can move on in their life with so much ease and comfort leaving every pain behind. It is

Societal change Essays - Social Status, Gender Studies,

Societal change A common point of debate is the direction of society: is it moving in a positive or negative direction. While an argument could be made in either direction, the evidence would favor a movement in a positive direction. Overall, society is improving as the current progression of society reflects a positive change and positive progress through an increase in the quality of life and health of society, increased equality, and improved communication and collaboration. A major factor of societal change is the improved quality of life and health that society enjoys. At our fingertips are search engines that can provide answers and instructions regarding nearly any task we may desire to do or better understand. One only must go as far as Youtube to find a self-help tutorial for nearly any task. Society is supported by a healthcare system that, while certainly flawed, has actively removed formerly lethal threats from society such as polio, plague, smallpox, and scarlet fever. Improvement to quality of life is further shown by the infrastructure that is in place to enable almost anyone to have ready access to water, waste disposal, and a food supply far beyond anything that has been seen in history. It can readily be pointed out that none of these factors are perfect. Not every single person has access to clean water or has been vaccinated against deadly diseases. However, the presence of the potential is a clear indication of the positive direction so ciety is moving. It is certainly not at a utopian state, but the direction is certainly a positive one. Another positive step society is taken can be found in the realm of equality. Only 150 years ago it would have been impossible to find a country where women shared the right to vote alongside men. It was only nearly 100 years ago that this right was first obtained in the United States. When compared with the past, society did a terrible job of taking steps for gender equality and it has only been in recent history that the gap has begun to close. This same progress can be seen in the legal eradication of slavery around the world. While illegal slavery is still in existence, progress is being made to allow people of every birth, color, creed, or race to participate in elections, own property, run for office, and be a respected member of society. Again, this is not perfect progress. Discrimination still exists based on any factor that can be dreamed up, but again, this is a manifestation from those that are behind the curve, rather than a reflection upon society as a whole. Society its elf is progressing forward to bring greater equality for all. Perhaps the most powerful example of societal positive progress can be found in the subtle realm of communication and collaboration. It was common for humans to collaborate in the past, villages would support each other, clubs would gather based on their common interest. Those events are still able to happen today, but they were limited by their location. Now, because of websites like Facebook, Reddit, Instagram, and the countless forums that exist, those with mutual interests can come together from around the world and find common ground, unlike in the past where you needed to enjoy what those around you enjoyed or you would face social isolation. This sense of community, acceptance, and encouragement is certainly a step forward for society. A similar spirit of collaboration can be seen with websites such as GoFundMe, where complete strangers can learn about and help a cause. Lastly, websites such as Stackexchange show most perfectly the spirit of collaboration and communication thr ough answering questions, providing hours of coding work for free, and offering helpful tips, all in the spirit of collaboration and communication. This spirit is becoming stronger in society and shows the encouraging progresses that has been achieved. It is possible to argue that it has allowed for collaboration of hate as well, which is true. Online bullying certainly exists. There are tragic examples of large sums of people ganging up to ridicule, mock, or humiliate others on a level that was not previously possible. But for each of these instances, there are another

History of the Apple Macintosh

History of the Apple Macintosh In December of 1983, Apple Computers ran its famous 1984 Macintosh television commercial on a small unknown station solely to make the commercial eligible for awards. The commercial cost $1.5 million and only ran once in 1983, but news and talk shows everywhere replayed it, making TV history. The next month, Apple Computer ran the same ad during the Super Bowl and millions of viewers saw their first glimpse of the Macintosh computer. The commercial was directed by Ridley Scott, and the Orwellian scene depicted the IBM world being destroyed by a new machine called the Macintosh. Could we expect anything less from a company that was once run by the former president of Pepsi-Cola?  Steve Jobs, co-founder of  Apple Computers  had been trying to hire Pepsis John Sculley since early 1983. While he eventually succeeded, Jobs soon discovered that he did not get along with Sculley who, after becoming CEO of Apple Computers, ended up booting him off Apple’s Lisa project. The Lisa was the first consumer computer with a graphical user interface or GUI. Steve Jobs and the Macintosh Computer Jobs then switched over to managing the Apple Macintosh project that was started by Jeff Raskin. Jobs was determined that the new Macintosh was going to have a graphical user interface like the Lisa, but at a considerably lower cost. The early Mac team members (1979) consisted of Jeff Raskin, Brian Howard, Marc LeBrun, Burrell Smith, Joanna Hoffman and Bud Tribble. Others began working working on the Mac at later dates. Seventy-four days after the introduction of the Macintosh, the company was only able to sell 50,000 units. At the time, Apple refused to license the OS or the hardware, the 128k memory was not enough and the onboard floppy drive was difficult to use. The Macintosh did have Lisas user friendly GUI, but was missing some of the more powerful features of the Lisa, such as multitasking and the 1 MB of memory. Jobs compensated by making sure developers created software for the new Macintosh, Jobs figured that software was the way to win the consumer over and in 1985, the Macintosh computer line received a big sales boost with the introduction of the LaserWriter printer and Aldus PageMaker, which made home desktop publishing possible. That was also the year that the original founders of Apple left the company. Power Struggle at Apple Computers Steve Wozniak  returned to college and Steve Jobs was fired as his difficulties with John Sculley came to a head. Jobs had decided to regain control of the company from Sculley by scheduling a business meeting in China for Sculley and so that Jobs could carry out a corporate takeover while Sculley was absent. Word of Jobs true motives reached Sculley before the China trip and he confronted Jobs and asked Apples Board of Directors to vote on the issue. Everyone voted for Sculley and so, in lieu of being fired, Jobs quit. Jobs later rejoined Apple in 1996 and has happily worked there ever since. Sculley was eventually replaced as CEO of Apple.

Alzheimer’s Disease Biological Causes

Alzheimers Disease Biological Causes Alzheimer’s disease is driven by two processes: extracellular deposits of beta amyloid and intracellular accumulation of tau protein.[9] â€Å"It is characterized by accumulation of amyloid-ÃŽ ² peptide, generated by proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by ÃŽ ²- and ÃŽ ³-secretase.†[10p554] The APP gene provides instructions for making APP. This protein is found in many tissues and organs including the brain and the spinal cord. It plays a role in cell growth, formation of new synapses, differentiation of neurons, cell adhesion, calcium metabolism, and protein trafficking.[10] The length of APP varies between 695 to 770 amino acids. Protein breakdown generates AÃŽ ², a 39- to 42-amino acid peptide. This form is the primary component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of AD.[10] APP may be processed via a non-amyloidogenic pathway that prevents AÃŽ ² formation or through a toxic, amyloidgenic pathway, resulting in AÃŽ ² plaque formation. In the non-amyloidogenic pathway, APP is processed in peripheral cells. In this pathway, APP is cleaved by an enzyme called ÃŽ ±-secretase followed by ÃŽ ³-secretase. These are integral membrane proteins where cleavage by ÃŽ ±-secretase occurs within the AÃŽ ² domain. Cleavage by ÃŽ ±-secretase prevents AÃŽ ² formation and releases the extracellular secreted APP ÃŽ ± fragment.[11] Research shows that secreted APP ÃŽ ± protects neurons, regulates stem cell production, plays a role in brain development, and promotes the formation of synapses and cell adhesion. The remaining C-terminal fragment of APP then undergoes either lysosome degradation or ÃŽ ³-secretase cleavage, which generates p3 and the APP intracellular domain.[11] In the amyloidogenic pathway, APP is primarily processed in neuronal cells. Within this pathway, APP is cleaved by ÃŽ ²-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 ( BACE1 ), followed by ÃŽ ³-secretase. BACE1 initiates the production of the toxic AÃŽ ² that plays a crucial role ea rly in the pathogenesis of AD.[11] Cleavage of APP by BACE1 releases the extracellular secreted APP ÃŽ ² fragment which is thought to assist with axon pruning and cell death.[12] BACE1 cuts APP to produce a membrane-bound C-terminal fragment C99 that is further processed by ÃŽ ³-secretase to generate AÃŽ ². The site of ÃŽ ³-secretase cleavage within the transmembrane domain of APP can vary and determines the type of AÃŽ ² that is produced, AÃŽ ² 39-42. Once produced, AÃŽ ² is usually secreted into the extracellular space via exocytosis.[12] AÃŽ ² is a major component of plaques that are found in both intracellular and extracellular locations. AÃŽ ² 42 is considered to be one of the main causes of these plaques because it clumps together more quickly than other isoforms, forming clusters and fibrils.[10] In individuals with AD, elevated concentrations of AÃŽ ² plaques can lead to many cellular dysfunctions. The presence of AÃŽ ² plaques alone is not enough to diagnose AD since ma ny people without cognitive decline have plaques. Tau is a protein in the microtubule-associated protein family. It has several physiological functions in healthy axons including microtubule assembly and stability, vesicle transport, neuronal outgrowth and neuronal polarity. This protein consists of 352 to 441 amino acids and presents in various isoforms in the brain.[10] In AD, tau protein is hyperphosphorylated, causing disruption in microtubule transport and loss of neuronal transmission. Tau phosphorylation is the addition of phosphate to a tau protein through regulation of tau kinases. In humans, the tau gene is positioned on chromosome 17. In a normal brain, there are two to three moles of phosphate per one mole of tau, indicating that this amount of phosphorylation is necessary for tau to perform its normal biological functions. When tau becomes hyperphosphorylated, the ratio of phosphate to tau increases three to four fold compared to normal phosphorylation levels. This incr eased amount of phosphate alters the function of tau, making it insoluble and lacking affinity for microtubules. This leads to the degradation of the microtubules and neuronal cell death.[10]

Intellectual property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Intellectual property - Essay Example ecognizes the intellectual property right and offer protection in order to nurture creativity by ensuring the owner is in full control of who uses that property and enables the owner to charge other users in order to raise income.2 In the case of Rihanna against Topshop, the plaintiff raised the issue of passing off since there was legal protection for the images. The study explores how justice Birss approached the case and what led him into a conclusion that the plaintiff had a legal claim against Topshop, and examine the appeal process as well as merits for the appeal. The defendant was given a chance to petition for an appeal either against the charges or against prohibition of sale of the merchandise. In Robyn Rihanna Fenty and others v Arcadia Group Brands Ltd (t/a Topshop) and another [2013] EWHC 2310 (Ch), the case was about Robyn Rihanna Fenty (â€Å"Rihanna†) and Arcardia Group Brands Ltd (â€Å"Topshop†) the world renown pop star and fashion dealer respectively. The defendant started producing and selling t–shirts with plaintiff’s image on it. The defendant had obtained permission to use the image on the t-shirts from an independent photographer, but they did not obtain permission from the plaintiff. The independent photographer had taken those photos with the permission of the plaintiff in one of the Plaintiff’s video shooting for single from her â€Å"Talk That Talk album.† Rihanna sued the Topshop against passing off for using her image to market their products without her permission. The claim in her legal suit against the defendant was that the conduct of the defendant was an infringement of plaintiff’s rights.3 In the p assing of judgement, the plaintiff had the onus to prove that she had public goodwill, the defendant’s conduct portrayed misrepresentation and that the plaintiff suffered some loss as a result of defendant’s conducts according to the ruling in the case Reckitt & Colman Ltd v Borden Inc [1990] 1 All E.R. 873. The laws

The Biblical Worldview of the 21st Century Case Study

The Biblical Worldview of the 21st Century - Case Study Example The appellant was arguing that there simply was not enough evidence to conclude that this was the case and wanted to have the court dismiss the case because of this. The Biblical Worldview and the Case The primary biblical issue that must be addressed within this case is the issue of morals and responsibility. The appellant argued that even though the man may have been intoxicated as a direct result of the drinks that the bartender served, the law generally upholds the notion that they should not be held responsible for the actions of an intoxicated person. This stands somewhat in contrast to the Biblical worldview of justice and truth. In the video provided, the judges even questioned the lawyers about the bartender’s ethical responsibility to stop an intoxicated person from getting behind the wheel of a car or at least declining to serve the person any more alcoholic beverages. It appears that the law has made it so that bartenders and the bars such as O’Malleyâ€℠¢s Tavern are very rarely held responsible for any reprehensible actions that their patrons might commit while under the influence. This issue of basic ethics and morals that the Bible teaches would be most applicable in this particular case, therefore. Is this a good method for resolving disputes? Why or why not? The Biblical Worldview would indicate that solving a case in this manner is not preferable. According to the article entitled â€Å"Love, Law, Grace, Mercy, Justice, and Equity,† â€Å"the Biblical laws give God-determined sanctions which are levels of punishment that are proportional to the crime committed†(â€Å"The Biblical Worldview†). Additionally, this article states that â€Å"man is unable to keep God’s law and is condemned by it†¦ nevertheless(it is) to be implemented as fully and completely as possible by individuals, families, voluntary associations, the Church, and state government†(â€Å"The Biblical Worldview†). The logic within this statement concludes that the American legal system is already abiding by a Biblical worldview, albeit indirectly. If the Biblical worldview was utilized within the court, there could be a disconnect between the punishment and the crime. The Biblical viewpoint does carry a lot of morality within it, but there is also a lot of vengeance and wrath for wrongdoings within its theology, primarily within the Old Testament. If this worldview were applied in modern times, it is likely that the legal world would look a lot more like Islam’s Sharia Law where a person will have a hand cut off for stealing.  

Evil Disney, Research Response to Henry Giroux Essay Example for Free

Evil Disney, Research Response to Henry Giroux Essay There are plenty of hotbed issues on how the Disney corporation’s sociological and socio political ideologies are embedded into their products and how they affect children, but very few ask why Disney would place hidden ideologies in their movies/shows. What reasons would Disney have to program children with outdated morals while trying desperately to uphold a model image of innocence? What practices has the disney corporation practiced that some would consider immoral or even illegal? To answer these questions the following issues must be explored in more depth: The history and actions of Disney from its inceptions to the present,Walt’s strict â€Å"moral† code along with the legacy he left behind, the policies of Disneyland along with the corporation’s political, judicial and economical power, Walt’s ties to the FBI and organized crime syndicates, and the revolving door politics in our government. Disney’s powers have allowed them unprecedented freedoms associated with a private company and the pandora’s box that is Evil Mickey. First,what is the Disney corporation and how did it come to be? It was created almost single handedly by Walter Elias Walt Disney. He was born on December 5, 1901, one of five children. Walt had a love for drawing cartoons early on and even made money as a child by selling some of them to family and friends. When he was 16 he joined the Red Cross as an ambulance driver for WW1 after being denied service in the army for his young age. This patriotic fervor that would later shape his cartoons. When he returned home from the war he made a few failed attempts at working in different animation companies until he and his brother, Roy, started the Disney Brothers Studio in 1923 after moving to California. The two of them prospered despite two major setbacks becoming one of the most powerful media conglomerates today. Their first setback happened In the late 1920’s. Disney learned that Winkler and her husband, Charles Mintz, had basically stolen their entire enterprise when they stole the rights to Oswald, an early character for his laugh-o-grams. Along with all but one former employee, Iwerks, who refused to leave Disney, hopefully winning him employee of the year. (biography. com) Charles was unsatisfied with the production costs for earlier creations. When Oswald became highly successful, Mintz hired all of the former employees thereby giving the rights to the later formed Universal picture’s first creation. According to his biography, during this time Walt’s wife was pregnant with their first child and Walt went into a deep depression claiming it on â€Å"financial stress†. (sito, ch5) There is a lot of speculation about this time in Walt’s life. Some say that the Mishpucka and the organized mob had an influence into this(babbit); the mob, who at the time were powerful in the freezone of Hollywood, controlling unions, local law, real estate, film sets, etc. Time Magazine, Nov. 1, 1943, wrote, In the witness chair in Manhattan’s Federal Court sat bland, Wily Willie Bioft (pronounced Buy-off), blackmailer, panderer, labor leader, and now star witness against eight ex-pals, who are charged with shaking down $1 million from the movie industry Question: Was it true that Bioft once had a five-year plan for taking over 20% of Hollywood’s profits-and eventually 50% interest In the studios themselves? Bioff (wistfully): If we’d lasted that long, we would have. Question: Did you ever say you were boss of Hollywood and could make producers do whatever you wanted? Bioff: Yes-and I could make them dance to my tune. Although Bioff rolled over on his pals and ended up getting car bombed later there is no proof that Walt ever worked with them or against them. The only link between Walt and the Mishpucka/Mafia is Mafia associate, Henry Cohn. After the first setback with Mintz Walt was heavily in debt and needed some way to bounce back his business after losing nearly everything but his mind. Henry offered to give Walt a loan. The thought of the mafia looming over his head is one of the reasons stated for his severe depression (RasmussenSito) The theft of Oswald, was a blessing in disguise that lead to the creation of Mickey Mouse and later to create the worlds first full length animated movie in 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which won 8 Oscars and made 1. 5 million despite being in the midst of an economic meltdown. (biography. com) Opening up Disney to a whole new realm of marketing and showing Walt the popularity and power of his studios. The second setback was the strike of 1941. Which was instigated by the firing of former head of the Federation of Screen Cartoonists and later leader of the Screen Cartoonists Guild, Art Babbitt on May 28, which caused 200 animators to go on strike almost immediately. (Sitobabbit) Walt early on had discovered that propaganda and public image were key to selling media, which is why he was so studious about keeping the interior of the workplace â€Å"Christian†. Walt had created the Federation of Screen artists to better control his workers, which was a union that regularly met with him on issues such as wage increases, better hours, less footage quotas, and better work environments. Since Walt was notorious for being a bit cruel and demanding in the office. (rasmussen) Though as soon as Art learned this he created the Screen Cartoonists Guild whose recruiting patterns were not the nicest methods possible but it did get them all to join â€Å"There were these tough union guys who said we couldn’t enter the door unless we joined, so we did. Under protest I joined. Because of the new job classification my salary doubled overnight. So i can’t complain about the union. † (sito) This was a time when union laws were strong under Teddy Roosevelt, more often than not the law would favor the people over the corporation. This was also a time when many Mob bosses were often also Union bosses so it was a give and take situation. Unions were now viewed as less as a helpful barrier between workers and the corporations to something evil, something, Communist. With the Red scare well under way and people were mixing socialist ideologies with communism. Though at this time the idea of communism was quite popular the way patsies were during the prohibition age. It was doing quite well in the underground of society. Even within Disney there was communism, Walt even thought communist agitators were the culprit to the 1941 strike. sito) This all of course is the end result of years of oppressive rule under Walt along with strengthening unions demanding better pay and working conditions. Walt hated those whose ideas drifted more towards the left wing which would fit the image of the highly conservative man he was. In the office an employee could be fired on the spot for any kind of social infraction. If an employee cursed or made any sort of rude engagements with a woman they would be forced to leave and of course there was no drinking allowed in his office. Disney employees under Walt had to get a hall pass to go to the restroom or get up at all† Of course walt was known for his rages, often times screaming at artists who had not met his quotas of 30 to sometimes 60 feet of film in one day. He was also known to be a heavy drinker in his officeâ€Å"You could smell the gin on his breath everyday after lunch† (Sito) Walt testified about the strike in the hearings of the House Committee on Un-American Activities about this and much more calling them â€Å"Communist agitators†, among other less decent things. sito) This of course started the well documented relationship between Walt and the FBI from 1940 till his death. He was promoted to full Special Agent in Charge Contact, which meant he had people under him finding communists and saboteurs, Ronald Reagan being one of his fellow operatives under T-10. He and Reagan Blacklisted many writers, actors and artists for having a differing political belief as that of the reigning government. The FBI also gained access to Disneyland to use as a platform for whatever they want. There is talk online on blogs that the FBI still use Disneyland to monitor foreign nationals entering the park since the threat of communism no longer applies. (HerbertSitoBabbitRasmussen) The relationship Walt had with the FBI and the ability to blacklist anybody he wanted may subscribe to Disney’s amazing rise during this time as a media powerhouse(but thats only speculation) This cozy relationship between Disney and the government has continued through the wonderful world of the revolving door politics. A sad modern relationship that is so commonly seen between politics and private companies. Many who are in executives in Disney will enter into politics and gain high levels positions starting as lobbyists and squeezing their way into actual positions of power in the government. Marsha Macbride for example, worked as an FCC chief of staff to chairman powell for years before sometime in the late 1990’s she started to lobby for Disney and was a major advisor in the clinton administration as well as during the merger of time warner and AOL, which Disney ended up winning and gaining rights along with cash settlements in 2003. The next year she is working as the Executive Vice President for Legal and Regulatory Affairs at the National Association of Broadcasters and still is. (gov relations 1-3) Another is Lisa Caputo who served citigroup, disney vp of communications and as a bill clinton staffer (gov relations 5)or Susan Fox who worked as an fcc advisor before going to work for disney as an advisor between the government on their divisions such as the Disney Interactive Media Group, Disney Channel, the Disney ABC Cable Networks, ABC and ESPN. (gov relations 4) Others include George mitchell who worked in on Board of Directors as well as a US senator. Eileen Oconnor was a news producer for ABC but is now working in a US embassy. Dennis Hightower a former Sr. executive officer transferred to Dep Secretary of commerce. (gov relations 35)There is even a department of Disney called â€Å"Disney government relations† that has a direct link to another department within the FCC. After calling a few times and getting different information I got this â€Å"we work with our partners in government such as the AFA or the FCC to get better standards of broadcasting for the Disney corporation. Basically legally bribing politicians to lower their standards and to take Disney’s side in lawsuits and corporate takeovers. Now a days after Walt’s death Disney has expanded to epic proportions in the media industry. The public face of cuddly animals, children’s fairy tales and building theme parks â€Å"It also owns six motion picture studios, ABC television network and its 226 affiliated stations, multiple cable television networks, 227 radio stations, four music companies, three cruise lines, theatrical production companies, publishing houses, multiple educational shorts, 15 magazine titles and five video game development studios. (gabler)It became the cultural pervader of a perfect world with everything that it put its name on. But there is a darker side to Disney that is up for debate. The side of Disney that is bigoted, American exceptionalist, sexist, racist, and a purveyor of pain and suffering. The propaganda machine that is Disney today. Propaganda has always been an important part in any government, from mummers playing the latest military conquest to Disney’s subliminal messages of obedience in children’s movies. Producers construct fantasy societies that seem to run in perfect harmony where each worker and is happy to work their menial jobs and never aspire to try to raise themselves above their born level. This is seen in the workers of Antz, Sleeping Beauty and Oz. Always with an all powerful â€Å"just ruler†. These stories lead children into blindly following their leaders down the yellow brick road to the great and powerful Oz. â€Å"Workers are quite happy to serve the rich and privileged, never questioning their subordinate position. (giroux pg 102). Another example is the Chicken little movie in 1938, where the people are the chickens, the farmer the government and the fox being intellectuals (with his psychology book) Programming americans, along with all of the other(now banned) wartime disney movies that seep out Walts own personal bigoted morals. Another example is the â€Å"Thrifty Pigs† which is trying to get people to buy war bonds to stop â€Å"the big bad wol f†, or â€Å"Home Defense† which makes fun of the French soldiers as being incompetent. All of these and countless others that were formed to get the people to fight in a war that we had no part in until Pearl Harbor. Or the worst one, â€Å"The spirit of the 43† â€Å"taxes to fight the axis† â€Å"Dont spend your money on things you dont need, give it to the government. † Nothing like big brother Disney. But this side of Disney stops, at least blatantly, after Walts death in 1966 when it became a modern heartless bureaucratic corporation. Yet hidden messages are still within modern movies, though with less obvious programming. â€Å"vciolinguistic construction of social dominance and inferiority in which characters who use mainstream American English tend to be associated with strongly positive actions and motivations† [pg 102 of Giroux] While the antagonist is often of another nationality such as the British voiced Scar or any voice that isn’t middle class Suburbia speech, as seen in Ursula’s louisiana swamp accent. This push es children to view those of the lower social class, dark skinned people or foreigners to be â€Å"evil† and become xenophobic and racist towards anything different than themselves. Disney goes a step further and makes a culture of consumerism, â€Å"without tenements or poverty or urban class conflict Its a native white Protestant dream of a world without blacks or immigrants. , image of small towns characterized by cheerful commerce, with barbershop quartets and ice cream sundaes and glorious parades. (giroux pg 96) Everything media wise that Disney produces ends up becoming a cog in the Disney corporate machine with imaginers spewing out product after product to sell to children and increase profits. Children see a movie and want to emulate the role models perceived, then a commercial comes on after Mickey mouse club house for the newest enchanted Princess gown or Woody’s costume and the kids ask their parents to get it. Children have not just copied the looks of the protagonists in Disney stories but have come to expect those fantasies to play out in real life, when the real world isn’t such a happy place and has no room for such fantasy. People end up growing up focusing on material items and their personal lives instead of focusing on the fixable issues, calling it the American dream. This ideology of apathy is a big problem now with revolving door politics, politicians who promise the same things over and over and never fix them and blame the other side, failing infrastructure, falling public school standards and debt through the roof. Not saying that its all Disney’s fault, of course not. Though almost every American child has seen at least one disney movie, its almost impossible not to be sucked into Disney’s sway since they even show them often in public schools as educational videos never delving deeper. As a social manipulator Disney has taken the fight out of us. Programing us to follow American exceptionalism since the American was the hero is portrayed morally just whilst his/her enemy spoke in an exotic accent along with generating xenophobism of other cultures. Reinforcing children to follow the status quo and not to learn about the rest of the worlds culture outside their own narrow sphere of friends and family, enclosing ourselves in a media shell while proliferating American’s culture and moral values to other nations, who view disney as the true america. Disneyland it is the real country, all of real America† -Jean Baudril ­lard [pg 95 of giroux. ] To be fair, countless other â€Å"childrens shows† show â€Å"non moral/family friendly broadcasting, especially now. Watching Spongebob as a child or the modern shows such as Adventure Time or the Regular Show and then seeing them as an adult. Explaining why my mother would laugh at certain parts of the shows that I didn’t laugh at. I notice now the abundance of sexual jokes I missed as a kid and the references to drugs, crimes, war, and all the other stuff thats messed up with the world. So this kind of hidden messages has been deeply imbedded into all sorts media, they are adults working on childrens shows after all, so i doubt they’d be â€Å"mature†. What is evil about Disney is the corporation and those leading it, not the movies that they put their name on. This culture of consumerism that the corporation has exacerbated has evolved into a new network with companies working together to sell a common goal.

Contemplating The Hours :: Cunningham Hours Essays

Contemplating The Hours The Hours is about 3 women, Virginia Woolf,Laura Brown and Clarissa Vaughan who all have the same feeling in common. Each of the the women in three different time periods from in the 1940's, 1950's and the 1990's all share the thoughts of failure. Woolf thought she had failed as a writer, Brown thought she was a failure as a wife and mother, Vaughan also thought she was a failure as a writer. Each of the women also desired to escape out of their lives in the manner of suicide. Woolf's suicide was accomplished in the beginning of lthe story. Brown's attempt of suicide nixed by coming home and then later leaving her family. Vaughan's suicide thoughts was scrubbed when her friend Richard, fell to his death from a window because lhe was tired of living and he also felt that he was a faiiure. Woolf, Brown , and Vaughan also had a common bond in their position in relationships. Each of the women were in relationships that were dominated by the male dominance. Woolf had the dominating husband, Leonard who was tough as nails and critical. He always wanted perfection from those he worked with for example Ralph, whom he was always critical and hard on in terms of his work, Virginia always felt sorry for him but never would speak against her husband. She felt that she had to defend or to stand with him no matter what even if he was wrong. Brown felt that she had to have everything perfect ( the incident with the cake), yet, her husband was the middle class successful husband. Brown in the time where the husband would go off to work and the wife would stay home and take care of the family. Brown in the meantime would adore her husband and her family, yet, she would have feelings of despising her husband(he grossing her out with the way he spit over the cake when he blew out the candle on his cake), Brown also desired to get away by way of suicide ( when she checked herself in at the hotel as if she was doing something slutty and in secret) but she did not have the heart to kill herself. What she did was continue to read the book written by Virginia Woolf, whom she was an avid admirer of her. Brown was intrigued with the manner in which Woolf killed herself.

Notes Eagle Industry With Solutions

Demand Management Volume Leveraging Address factors such standards, requirements, policies reduce related internal demand Aggregate like goods/services across organize,anal units order leverage negro,ate belle pricing terms, condo,ions Source: Cross (2007) 3 procurement decision must consider the Total Cost of Ownership, not just the purchase price. 4 The Formal Strategic Sourcing Process Conduct Opportunity Assessment Profile Us apply Market Develop Issue RFC Negotiate Implement and Manage Performance What buy? From whom? How buy did it oh t? 5 Eagle Industries Case Questions 2. . 4. 5. 6. Why are office products frequently chosen as a lead commodity in strategic sourcing efforts? What observations can you develop about Eagle's SKIS usage, prices they pay and contracts they currently use? Discuss potential implementation barriers. Perform a supplier market analysis and discuss strategic sourcing leverage points you observe. Use information given in the case to estimate potential sav ings. I am looking for specific numbers here. Use the information you assembled thus far to develop a sourcing strategy for Eagle. A. B. C. D. 7.Should they pursue a centralized or decentralized strategy? Should they use contract, catalog, or Internet suppliers? Should they deal with a single supplier or multiple suppliers? How should they structure the contract for Super As, A, B, and C items? What is your recommendation for implementing the strategy? Copyright 2013 Elena Kate, University of 6 Office Products rage Spend: typically $200 – $1 500 per employee. Widely available Many suppliers: potential for competition Implementation barriers often lower/reasonable Administrative purchasing often causes problems.

Henkel

Bob Simmons – Strategic Transformation Case Summary: Henkel was a German manufacturer of laundry products. Went public in 1985. In 2008 it was 14 Billion pounds in 125 countries. Majority in EMEA. Most of exe team were German. Organized into three major business units: Adhesive Technologies 48%(glue stick), Laundry and Home Care 30%, Cosmetics/Toiletries 22%. Industry leader in adhesives. Rorsted took over as CEO in 2008. Henkel was reporting comfortable growth and profits with 8% growth.Second half of 2008 global financial crisis and economic slowdown had negative effect on Henkel’s key markets. Shrinking demand and rising costs caused business untis to fall in second half of 2008. Rosted vowed to transform Henkel into a leaner, more performance driven company. â€Å"staying where we are is no longer an option. We either move up or move down: we either become relevant or we will be made irrelevant. â€Å" This case illustrates the transformation of a CEO-led organiza tion driven stretch goals, performance measurement and accountability.Kasper Rorsted become CEO of Henkel, the German personal care, laundry, and adhesive products manufacturer, in 2008, he was determined to transform the â€Å"good enough† corporate culture focused on to win in the fierce competition in the market. In history, Henkel is a comfortable, stable workplace. Many employees have never received a negative performance feedback. To overthrow a generally complacent attitude, Rorsted implementation of a multi-step change initiatives, aimed at establishing a â€Å"winning culture. First, in November 2008, in 2012 he announced a series of ambitious financial goals. With the financial crisis to disrupt the global economy, he reiterated his commitment to these goals, sent a clear signal, Henkel employees and external stakeholders an excuse is no longer acceptable. Rorsted duties launch a new set of five values replace the previous 10 values, these employees can recite the first memory an emphasis on the customer. He also set up a new, streamlined performance management system for evaluating management performance and progress of a four-point scale of potential.The system also includes a forced ranking requirements, requiring a defined percentage of the various business units and company-wide staff was named the top, strong, medium, or low performance. These ratings significantly impact management’s bonus compensation. In this case, where it is needed at the end of 2011, when Henkel is a good way to achieve its 2012 target. Shed nearly half of the senior management team, as the site of many products and brands, Henkel seems to be a leaner, more competitive, â€Å"win† the organization. Hide This case illustrates a CEO-led organizational transformation driven by stretch goals, performance measurement, and accountability. When Kasper Rorsted became CEO of Henkel, a Germany-based producer of personal care, laundry, and adhesives products, in 2008, he was determined to transform a corporate culture of â€Å"good enough† into one singularly focused on winning in a competitive marketplace. Historically, Henkel was a comfortable, stable place to work. Many employees never received negative performance feedback.Seeking to overturn a pervasive attitude of complacency, Rorsted implemented a multi-step change initiative aimed at building a â€Å"winning culture. † First, in November 2008, he announced a set of ambitious financial targets for 2012. As financial turmoil roiled the global economy, he reaffirmed his commitment to these targets, sending a clear signal to Henkel employees and external stakeholders that excuses were no longer acceptable. Rorsted next introduced a new set of five company values-replacing the previous list of 10 values, which few employees could recite by memory-the first of which emphasized a focus on customers.He also instituted a new, simplified performance management system, which r ated managers' performance and advancement potential on a four-point scale. The system also included a forced ranking requirement, mandating that a defined percentage of employees (in each business unit and company-wide) be ranked as top, strong, moderate, or low performers. These ratings significantly impacted managers' bonus compensation. In late 2011-the time in which the case takes place-Henkel is well on its way to achieving its 2012 targets.Having shed nearly half its top management team, along with numerous product sites and brands, Henkel appears to be a leaner, more competitive, â€Å"winning† organization. High quality global journalism requires investment. Please share this article with others using the link below, do not cut & paste the article. See our Ts&Cs and Copyright Policy for more detail. Email ftsales. [email  protected] com to buy additional rights. http://www. ft. com/cms/s/0/6a85b182-1128-11e2-a637-00144feabdc0. html#ixzz2ODYNf8Gg The story.In 2008, Henkel, the German group with well-known brands ranging from Persil to Loctite, had reported comfortable growth and earnings. But its new chief executive, Kasper Rorsted, a Dane who had made his career in big IT companies, thought the 132-year-old, family-controlled company needed to shake off some of its complacency if it was to safeguard its success. * * * * More On this story * Case Study How a publisher exploited a bestseller * Case Study How an outsider institutes change * Case Study If P&C’s improved staff performance Case Study Microsoft Lync’s bottom-up restructure * Case Study How to build a low-cost brand The challenge. Henkel faced several serious issues. For instance, while reporting solid sales, it was less profitable than its industry peers – by a margin of up to 10 percentage points. But the majority of employees did not see any need for change. In fact, one analyst commented that it was characterised by â€Å"complacency and lack of competitive spirit†. Mr Rorsted determined to change the way the company was run and to create â€Å"a winning culture†.The strategy. Mr Rorsted and his new, young team set about introducing changes that would include both tangible financial and performance targets, and an overhaul? of? company? culture. ? Ambitious targets. In November 2008, Henkel announced challenging targets for 2012 that would improve performance but would also energise the organisation by creating a sense of urgency. Targets included an increase in pre-tax profit margins to 14 per cent; in earnings per share; and in sales, to above the market average.In addition, the share of sales in emerging countries would be required to rise from 33 per cent to 45 per cent by 2012. ? Efficiency and focus. With more than 1,000 brands, at least 200 production sites globally, and three separate business units, Henkel was ripe for proposed efficiency measures. These included cutting the number of brands in order to put more m arketing resources behind its strongest labels; consolidating manufacturing sites; and shifting tasks to shared service centres. ? New vision and values.Henkel had a vision statement and a set of company values. But they were neither well-known nor relevant to either day-to-day decision-making or evaluation of employee performance. In 2010, Henkel replaced the original list of 10 values with five new ones – such as: â€Å"We put our customers at the centre of what we do. † To make sure these were communicated to the 48,000 employees, more than 5,000 workshops were held in which managers and teams discussed how the new values could apply to their work and how they could build a more positive company culture. Performance management. Henkel introduced a process to evaluate consistently the performance and potential of all management-level employees. They would be ranked on relative performance, which significantly affected managers’ bonuses. Each individual is revi ewed in â€Å"development roundtables†, interactive meetings where managers review and evaluate their direct reports across teams to create a broader perspective on their achievements, development needs and promotability. What happened.For fiscal 2012, Henkel’s global sales are forecast to exceed â‚ ¬16bn ($20bn), a rise of more than â‚ ¬2bn since 2008, and reach its profit margin target of 14 per cent. Emerging markets now represent 43 per cent of global sales, and more than 50 per cent of employees work in those territories. The number of brands is less than 400 and manufacturing sites have been consolidated by around 25 per cent. Key lessons. To boost performance across a company, communicate a clear strategy that is backed up by setting ambitious targets.Simplify your vision and values, and take time to communicate them to all employees to ensure they provide practical guidance, especially when tough decisions may be needed. To focus everyone on successful ex ecution, use performance management systems that link the evaluation and compensation of key employees to achievement of the new strategy Write down in a sentence or two your definition of a winning culture. What are the things that you like about Rorsted’s approach? What are the risks? Assuming that the 2012 EBIT margin goal is achieved, how should Rorsted

How Many Words in a Novel Word Counts Per Genre [Examples]

How Many Words in a Novel Word Counts Per Genre [Examples] How Many Words in a Novel? Exact Word Count Guide Per Genre [With Examples] How many words are in a novel? After allWriting too many words in your novel is just as embarrassing as not writing enough.A books word count does matter and if you get it wrong, this can impact your book sales, reviews, and its overall performance.But thats why were here.To not only help you understand how many words are in a novel, but how many should be in your specific book depending on what youre writing.Because yes, different types of books require different book lengths.Not only do you need to know how many words are in a novel, but also why and how the genre youre writing it can change this word count.This is how many words are in a novel:How many words in a memoir 45,000 to 80,000How many words in a self-help book 30,000 70,000How many words in a fantasy novel 50,000 150,000How many words in a sci-fi novel 50,000 150,000How many words in a romance novel 50,000 90,000How many words in a mystery novel 40,000 80,000How many words in a horror novel 40,000 80,000How many words in a dystopian novel 60,000 -120,000How many words in a contemporary novel 60,000 90,000How many words in a young adult book 60,000 90,000How many words in a middle-grade book 20,000 55,000NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereHow many pages is 1000 words?1000 words single-spaced is about 1 page in Microsoft Word, Google Docs, or equivalent software. 1000 words in a book is about 3 pages.One thing to keep in mind with how many pages is 1000 words is that it depends on the text, its size, and the spacing youre using.For example, if you write 1000 words on a page in Google Docs, but maintain double spacing, that would be about two pages. However, if your text is smaller than 12 and you use a different spacing variation, it may only be one to one and a half pages.Heres how you can make 1000 words be more than two pages:Increase the font size by .5 or 1 pointIncrease the line spacingChange the size of all the punctuation to be largerHow many words per page in a book?Ultimately, you can expect there to be roughly 300 words per page in a book you write as a whole. Because dialogue requires paragraph breaks, there will be fewer words than if you have a few pages of full paragraphs instead of dialogue.On average, there are about 300 words per page in a book. This number can vary depending on if youre writing dialogue or how short each paragraph is. How to Find How Many Words are in Your Novel So FarKnowing where to look to locate your word count will help you determine how long your book is actually going to be once its finished and you publish it (which youll learn to do in the next step).Finding your books word count depends on which writing software youre using to write it.Heres how to find your books word count for a number of writing softwares:Microsoft Word: The word count for your book in Microsoft Word will be l ocated in the bottom left corner next to the page number.Google Docs: To find the word count in Google Docs using a mac, you can hit Command Shift C (Control Shift C on Windows) and a box will pop up. You can also go to Tools Word CountScrivener: If youre using this writing tool, just go to Scrivener Preferences Editing and then select live counts to show the word count box and character on the bottom bar.Pages: To view word count in Pages on a mac, go to the toolbar and click View Show Word Count.Open Office: If youre using open office, the word count is visible in the bottom left corner.Book Length CalculatorThe best way to find out how many pages will be in your book is to use this calculation method:Take your current word count and divide it by 300. This will give you the approximate number of pages that will be in your book.Heres the book length calculator formula again:Current word count à · 300 = estimated pages in your bookFor example, if you write a book thats 80,0 00 words long, you would fill in that formula like this:80,000 à ·Ã‚   300 = 266.7 pagesKeep in mind that this is not a perfect way to calculate the number of pages your book will be. However, this rough estimation can help you understand the approximate length of your book.How many words in a novel?How many words in a novel vary depending on genre, audience, and the story itself. Generally speaking, the average novel word count is between 60,000 and 90,000 words.The amount of words in your novel does matter. Depending on your genre, having too many or too little can not only hurt your book sales, but also cause fewer 5-star reviews (which also hurts your sales).This is how many words to have in a novel for each genre.#1 How many words in a memoir?On average, when writing a memoir should not exceed 90,000 words and that is a stretch when it comes to memoir word count.We recommend memoirs be between 45,000 to 80,000 words in order to maintain intrigue and reduce intimidation. This means your memoir will average between 150 and 265 pages.When readers see that a memoir exceeds 300 pages, it sets up a red flag in their mind. Even if theyre interested in the memoir, a very lengthy memoir is often indicative of something reminiscent of an autobiography (which is basically a timeline of life events) versus a personal life telling with a theme or message.Exceptions for memoir word count:Youre famous or well-known. Anyone who already has an audience can get away with a longer memoir simply because people have already shown interest in your life. Theyre more likely to want more rather than less.Your memoir contains multiple lessons or messages. If your memoir is in several parts or you have a few messages to get across, you can write a longer memoir. Keep in mind, however, that it may be more beneficial to write two memoirs instead of one massive one.Its your first draft word count only. Its okay if your first draft is over 90,000 words. Oftentimes, professional editi ng will cut down the unnecessary information so your memoir is the appropriate word count.Average book length for a memoir: 45,000 80,000#2 How many words in a self-help book?Any self-help or motivational nonfiction book should be between 30,000 and 70,000 wordsThis means your book will be between 100 and 230 pages in total.Those looking for help through a book in this genre dont want a massive novel to go through just to read what they need. For that reason, if you have a motivational or self-help book idea, keep it at a lower word count will actually help you more.For example, our own Student Success Strategist, Lisa Zelenak, wrote this book called Find Your Thing. Its a self-help book detailing how to escape monotony in your early 20s and do work that actually matters.Find Your Thing is about 30,000 words and, with formatting, 178 pages long.The reason this book does well is because it is not a super lengthly novel. With a self-help book, your audience wants to learn something and they want to learn it sooner rather than later.Average self-help book length: 30,000 70,000 words#3 How many words in a fantasy novel?The average fantasy novel should have between 50,000 and 150,000 words. However, the true word count depends on the category in which youre writing.If youre writing a young adult fantasy novel, you should keep your word count below 90,000 words or 300 book pages.This is due to the audience youre reaching preferring that length.If youre writing an adult fantasy novel or an epic fantasy novel (like Game of Thrones), your word count can skew higher at 90,000 200,000 words.Not all fantasy novels are epic fantasy novels. Epic fantasy is a sub-genre beneath fantasy and encompasses very long journey-specific plots. Authors who write in this style are George R.R. Martin, Brandon Sanderson, and the late J.R.R. Tolkien.Average book length for fantasy novels: 50,000 150,000 wordsNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it here#4 How many words in a science fiction book?Science fiction books typically have between 50,000 and 150,000 words, like fantasy novels. This puts them at between 170 500 pages.This specific genre has a lot of flexibility with word and page count due to the variety of plot types and story arcs.Here are some popular sci-fi novels and their word counts:Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams 50,895 wordsEnders Game by Orson Scott Card 100,609 words Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury 46,118 wordsI, Robot by Isaac Asimov – 69,000 wordsThe Stand by Stephen King 500,000 wordsThe Martian by Andy Weir 104,588 wordsAs you can see, word count for science fiction books vary widely. However, we do not suggest writing a novel of 500,000 words unless you as established as Stephen King is.Average science fiction book length: 50,000 150,000 words#5 How many words in a romance n ovel?Romance novels often run between 50,000 and 90,000 words on average.Romance is a unique genre because the plot is all about two characters and their adventure with one another. For that reason, writing a long, lengthy book just about their romance can become a problem for the readers.This is why romance books tend to be below 90,000 words.The more you write, the more you run the risk of losing your readers attention and motivation to keep reading.A popular romance novel thats a great example of keeping your story shorter rather than longer is The Notebook by Nicholas Sparks.This book only has 52,000 words and has become one of the most recognizable romances of our time.Average romance book length: 50,000 90,000 words#6 How many words in a mystery novel?Mystery novels do best if theyre written between 40,000 and 80,000 words.Writing more than 80,000 words can become difficult, as you have to ensure your readers dont know the answer behind the mystery.As with anything, the more you say, the easier it is to decipher the clues underneath, which is what you dont want when it comes to a mystery novel.For example, Agatha Christie, one of the bestselling mystery writers of all time, write between 40,000 and 60,000 words per book.Average mystery book length: 40,000 80,000 words#7 How many words in a horror novel?Horror is much like mystery in the sense that you dont want to drag these novels on too long. Therefore, we advise writers to stick between 40,000 to 80,000 words for horror novels.As an example, The Turn of the Screw by Henry James is 42,211 words long.Average horror book length: 40,000 80,000 wordsDo you have what it takes to become a published author?Take this quick quiz to find out!Take the Quiz Now#8 How many words in a dystopian novel?Typical dystopian novels run between 60,000 and 120,000 words, though this genre has the flexibility to be longer.Because dystopian is often a sub-genre, meaning it usually has a broader genre within it like fanta sy or sci-fi, theres room to expand and grow these types of novels.Here are some popular dystopian novel word counts: The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood 90,240Red Rising by Pierce Brown 124,749 wordsThe City of Ember by Jeanne DuPrau 59,937As you can see, this genres word count bounces all over the place. Just keep your intended audience in mind (young adult, middle-grade), in order to know how many worse to write.Average dytopian book length: 60,000 120,000 words#9 How many words in a contemporary book?In a typical contemporary book, you will have between 60,000 and 90,000 words.One popular example of a contemporary novel is Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda by Becky Albertalli, which stands at 60,965 words in total.Contemporary novels typically dont exceed 90,000 words particularly because theyre focused around modern problems versus anything other wordly. This means if you write too long of a book, you run the risk of losing your readers attention.Average contemporary boo k length: 60,000 90,000 words#10 How many words in a young adult novel?Young adult books range between 60,000 and 90,000 words. Unless youre writing a young adult epic fantasy, which can go up to 150,000 words.Young adult is a category more than a genre, but its important to keep this in mind when writing a book in any genre.Your audience matters because different age ranges prefer different lengths of books. An older audience, like new adult or adult, is far more likely to consumer a book thats over 100,000 words, whereas a younger audience like young adult only has the attention span for less than 90,000 words.#11 How many words in a middle-grade book?Middle-grade books are best if kept between 20,000 and 55,000 words in order to maintain the attention of readers this age.Anything longer can be difficult for a younger audience to consume and retain all of the information. Therefore, cap your first draft off at 65,000 words with the intent to cut out what you dont need when you ship it off to your editor.Keep in mind that these word counts are guidelines. One thing we teach here at Self-Publishing School is that you must first know the rules before you can confidently break them.Ready to start your book now?Now that you know how many words your book should be, its time to actually start writing those words!But first, make sure you know what you need to about how to write a book so you dont make the mistakes so many before you have

Police corruption Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Police corruption - Research Paper Example It will also point out different types of corruption, examples of cases and some measures being taken by the law enforcement bodies to curb corruption. The known types of corruption occur on different scales, involving different positions of power and also varying in magnitude. Although most states have taken steps to reduce corruption by splitting their governments into executive, legislative and judiciary arms, it is still rampant within the police, which is under the executive arm. Police corruption refers to the specific misconduct by police officers with the intention of realizing personal benefits, including financial and career advancements, by practices that abuse power such as soliciting for bribes, protecting organized prostitution and drug cartels, bearing false witness and prosecuting falsely. Corruption is detrimental to any police force because it is a crime and costs them their integrity and public image. Generally, most corruption practices can be categorized under ei ther petty corruption, grand corruption or systemic corruption, and further classified into their specific types (Mishra, 2006). The differences are rooted in the involved participants, the norms violated by the corrupt act, the wider context in which the corrupt act takes place and its purpose, motive or outcome. It is on such analytical distinctions that the origins and consequences of corruption are explored and tackled. Occurring within government norms and established social structures, petty corruption takes on the smallest level and form, and involves a small number of participants. It thrives in developing countries where government officials are poorly paid and involves exploiting personal connections and giving small bribes to obtain quick services and favors. Grand corruption occurs at top government levels in ways that require large subversions in economic, legal and political systems of a state. Grand corruption does not bear its significance in the involved amount of m oney as much as it does on the level at which it takes place, which is the policy formulation level. Systemic corruption occurs primarily by taking advantage of a process’ or organization’s weakness. Unlike petty corruption which exploits occasional opportunities, systemic corruption is an essential and integrated aspect of the political, social and economic system. Because it is encouraged by factors such as a culture of impunity, monopolistic powers, low pay, discretionary powers and conflicting incentives, systemic corruption is embedded in a broader situation that promotes its sustenance. Characterized by embezzlement, extortion and bribery, it forms a situation where key state processes and organizations are routinely used and dominated by corrupt groups and individuals, leaving people with no options to dealing with the corrupt officials. Police corruption is exhibited in the inappropriate conduct and actions they take in connection with the official duties and r esponsibilities expected of them. Discrimination and miscarriage of justice are largely part of it (Sherman, 1974). Education levels and personalities of the officers involved are significant contribution factors, but the culture of police agencies also plays considerable roles. Misconduct can be predicted by education, where better educated officers are prone to fewer complaints. Police corruption is also promoted by unenforceable laws that govern moral

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ART - Essay Example In representing gods too, this war like nature of the gods is clearly stressed. Later in Byzantium the religion was turned to be Christian and so the portrayal of Christ can be seen more in this Byzantine (Roman) culture. Both the ancient and the Roman religious system were based on the hierarchical order. In the Roman culture the greatest god was Jupiter, and Juno was the majestic queen of heaven. In ancient Greek culture Zeus and Hera are the supreme gods. The political rivalry between the Titans and the Olympians is very common in Greek mythology. In Roman mythology the gods were at first ‘rumina,’ formless and divine manifestations, but later under Greek influence, they too got human form. In Roman culture as their gods are not appearing before people the interpreters of gods came forth. Romans give much importance to omens and portents. In Greek and roman cultures many similarities can be seen as these cultures are closely related to one another. At first the Romans too were under the Greek dominance, and so many attributes of Greek culture can be seen in Roman culture. In finding the major difference between these two cultures is that the Byzantine culture is an off shoot of the Greek culture. Greek culture is more deeply knit than the Byzantine. In the later period Roman culture was easily to come out from the cultural bondage and embraced Christianity.