Saturday, February 15, 2020
Politic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Politic - Essay Example The latter represents peopleââ¬â¢s participation in the environmental changes. ââ¬Å"A direct cause is a cause that leads directly to an observed effect. The observed effect that we are concerned with is the rise in the Earthââ¬â¢s temperature (David Humphreys, p.19). Scientists agree that the direct cause of this heating ââ¬Å"is the change in the radiative forcing of the Earthââ¬â¢s climatic system as the result of increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasesâ⬠(David Humphreys, p.19). The main underlying cause identified is the burning of fossil fuels including oils and coals: things that are very much essential to ââ¬Å"energy generation and industrial productionâ⬠(David Humphreys, p.20). The underlying cause simply refer to human activities that results to the the increased concentration of greehouse gases in the athmosphere. Surprisingly or not surprisingly, the term inquality has surfaced to be one of the underlying causes of environmental degradation. What once only a social problem now lays inside the perimeter of environmental concern. Inequalities discussed in the book covers political ineqaulities, economic inequalities and inequality of knowledge. Citing the situation in El Salvador, the book Environmental Issues and Responses specified the ways in which inequality can cause much damage to the environment. Coffee cultivation was seen as one of the primary causes of deforestation in the country. The scenario ââ¬Å"needs to be understood in the context of a global market and its demands for cheap coffee productionâ⬠(Aradau, p.45). The economic inequality between the rich and the poor in El Salvador and the developed versus the underdeveloped countries in the globalized economy can provide justification for the abuse of the environment (Aradau, p.45). Another cause of environmental degradatio n in El Salvador was the ââ¬Å"civil war from 1980 to 1992, during which the army bombed and burnt forests and land in order to destroy the resources used by the
Sunday, February 2, 2020
Computation finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
Computation finance - Essay Example Creation of these dark pools has been possible because of existence of electronic trading and the fragmentation of avenues of conducting financial trading. The participants access them directly amongst themselves or through crossing networks. Dark pools are made up of three types, including where the independent entities create a distinctive and differentiated means of trading, those that are owned by brokers allowing the clients of the broker to trade amongst themselves in anonymity, and those created by the public exchanges themselves, meant to give their customers a chance to enjoy trading in anonymity and hiding of orders while trading. Hidden liquidity allows traders to ââ¬Ëhideââ¬â¢ all or a part of their orders, which results into a market with two components ââ¬â a displayed component and a non-displayed component. Hiding of orders, however, makes market participants to access incomplete knowledge regarding the marketââ¬â¢s general depth. This paper is going to look at how these dark pools of liquidity work, why they are needed and their impact on the visible market. Most of the electronic exchanges that are order-driven use specific order types to provide liquidity such as what is referred to as ââ¬ËIceberg Orderââ¬â¢. An Iceberg Order is a passive order that is split into small portions, with partly or none of which is visible to the public. By concealing the actual quantity of the order, it is possible to tame price movements and reduce leakage of information, as well as any other flows that culminate from significant adjustments in the supply of stocks ââ¬â this is called market impact. Splitting of orders is automated through order management systems, and it is a standard strategy used by many institutional investors.1 2 Companies are allowed to choose from three types of dark pools. The first include those owned by broker
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